1. प्रस्तावना (Introduction)
- मंत्रालय का परिचय (Introduction to the Ministry):
- The Ministry of Jal Shakti was established in 2019 by merging two ministries: the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. This ministry plays a pivotal role in managing the country’s water resources, ensuring clean drinking water, and providing sanitation services to both rural and urban areas.
- It aims to achieve sustainable water management, water conservation, improving sanitation, and providing clean drinking water for all citizens of India.
2. जल शक्ति मंत्रालय का गठन (Formation of the Ministry of Jal Shakti)
- विभागों का एकत्रीकरण (Merger of Departments):
- The merger of these two ministries brought together all aspects of water resources under one roof, improving coordination and efficiency in managing the country’s vast water systems.
- The focus shifted to integrated water resource management, from both the supply (drinking water, irrigation) and demand (conservation, water use efficiency) sides.
3. प्रमुख कार्य और जिम्मेदारियाँ (Key Functions and Responsibilities)
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जल संरक्षण (Water Conservation):
- With India facing increasing pressure on its water resources, the Ministry’s responsibility is to promote water conservation techniques such as rainwater harvesting, building check dams, and promoting sustainable water usage across sectors like agriculture, industry, and domestic use.
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जल आपूर्ति (Water Supply):
- The Ministry ensures the distribution of drinking water across rural and urban areas, focusing on underserved areas. Schemes like Jal Jeevan Mission work to provide functional household tap connections (FHTC) to every rural household.
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स्वच्छता अभियान (Sanitation Campaigns):
- Promoting cleanliness and ensuring proper sanitation facilities to prevent waterborne diseases is a priority, with a focus on the Swachh Bharat Mission.
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नदी पुनर्जीवन (River Rejuvenation):
- Reviving and cleaning the country’s major rivers, especially the Ganga, forms a central part of the Ministry's work, with projects such as the Namami Gange Program.
4. मंत्रालय की प्रमुख योजनाएँ और कार्यक्रम (Key Schemes and Programs)
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राष्ट्रीय जल जीवन मिशन (National Jal Jeevan Mission):
- Launched in 2019, this mission aims to provide safe and adequate drinking water to every rural household by 2024 through individual household tap connections (FHTC).
- The mission also aims to sustainably manage water resources by encouraging water conservation, wastewater treatment, and reuse.
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नदी जोड़ो अभियान (National River Linking Project):
- A controversial yet ambitious initiative to connect India’s major rivers, this project aims to solve the water crisis by redistributing water from surplus river basins to arid and drought-prone areas.
5. मंत्रालय की सफलता की कहानियाँ (Success Stories of the Ministry)
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राजस्थान में जल पुनर्चक्रण (Water Recycling in Rajasthan):
- Rajasthan has implemented effective water recycling initiatives, where wastewater is treated and reused for non-potable purposes like irrigation and industrial use. This has helped the state mitigate its water scarcity issues.
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गंगोत्री जलाशय परियोजना (Ganga Waterway Project):
- The Namami Gange project has achieved significant success in cleaning the river Ganga and its tributaries. Major initiatives include building sewage treatment plants (STPs) and encouraging riverfront development.
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कर्नाटका में सूखा प्रबंधन (Drought Management in Karnataka):
- Karnataka has adopted innovative water management techniques like check dams, micro-irrigation, and watershed development to counter droughts in the state, significantly improving water availability in the region.
6. जल शक्ति मंत्रालय की प्रमुख उपलब्धियाँ (Major Achievements of the Ministry)
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स्वच्छता अभियान (Cleanliness Campaign):
- Under the Swachh Bharat Mission, India has made significant progress in terms of sanitation. Millions of toilets have been constructed, and the rural and urban sanitation facilities have greatly improved.
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जल जीवन मिशन की सफलता (Success of Jal Jeevan Mission):
- By providing tap water connections to millions of rural households, the Jal Jeevan Mission has contributed significantly to improving public health and the overall quality of life in rural India.
7. मंत्रालय द्वारा किए गए महत्वपूर्ण कदम (Important Steps Taken by the Ministry)
- जल संकट का समाधान (Water Crisis Solutions):
- The Ministry has adopted multiple strategies to address India’s severe water crisis, including promoting water-saving technologies, recycling of water, and afforestation to increase water retention.
- आधुनिक जल प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग (Use of Modern Water Technologies):
- The Ministry encourages the use of modern irrigation techniques like drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation to reduce water consumption in agriculture.
8. मंत्रालय की भविष्य की योजनाएँ (Future Plans of the Ministry)
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सतत जल प्रबंधन (Sustainable Water Management):
- Future plans include ensuring integrated management of water resources at both national and local levels, promoting water-efficient technologies, and reducing dependence on groundwater.
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जल गुणवत्ता सुधार (Improvement in Water Quality):
- Efforts will focus on reducing contamination in water sources, addressing the issue of chemical pollution, and improving the capacity of wastewater treatment plants.
9. चल रही परियोजनाएँ (Ongoing Projects)
- गंगा सफाई परियोजना (Ganga Cleaning Project):
- The Namami Gange Project is a large-scale initiative to clean and rejuvenate the Ganga. It includes the construction of sewage treatment plants, riverfront development, and initiatives to prevent industrial pollution.
- जल जीवन मिशन का विस्तार (Expansion of Jal Jeevan Mission):
- The Jal Jeevan Mission is being scaled up to ensure that every rural household has access to safe drinking water, with a target set for 2024.
10. मंत्रालय के सहयोगी संगठन (Collaborating Organizations)
- The Ministry collaborates with state governments, NGOs, and private sector organizations to implement its schemes, ensuring greater reach and impact.
11. जल शक्ति मंत्रालय की नीति और रणनीति (Policies and Strategies of the Ministry)
- Policies emphasize equitable distribution of water, water conservation, and efficiency in water use across all sectors, including agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption.
12. जल शक्ति मंत्रालय के वित्तीय पहलू (Financial Aspects of the Ministry)
- The Ministry receives significant funding from the Central Government, and also collaborates with international bodies and the private sector to implement various water-related projects.
13. जल शक्ति मंत्रालय की प्रमुख चुनौतियाँ (Key Challenges Faced by the Ministry)
- जल संकट (Water Crisis) is one of the biggest challenges, with increasing demand and decreasing supply.
- नदी प्रदूषण (River Pollution) continues to affect the quality of water bodies across the country, requiring urgent attention.
14. निष्कर्ष (Conclusion)
- The Ministry of Jal Shakti has played a pivotal role in transforming water management practices in India. The road ahead involves tackling the challenges of water scarcity, contamination, and inefficient usage, while also ensuring that every citizen has access to clean and sufficient water.
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